차곡 문형첩

No. 046 · 2026.10.14 Wed

문형 해설

PATTERNS

TOPIK 1-2

V-(으)러 오다

come to V

Place the action that is the purpose of coming before -(으)러 , and follow it with 오다 . It can also be used with 가다 and 다니다 , forming -(으)러 가다 and -(으)러 다니다 . Only a verb can come before it, and only a movement verb such as 오다 or 가다 can follow it.

접속 conjugation

Vowel-final or ㄹ-final verb stem + -러 오다
- 보다보러 와요
- 놀다놀러 와요
Consonant-final verb stem (except ㄹ) + -으러 오다
- 먹다먹으러 와요
- 찾다찾으러 왔어요

친구가 우리 집에 놀러 왔어요.

My friend came over to my house to hang out.

※Unlike -(으)려고 , -(으)러 can only be followed by a movement verb such as 오다 or 가다 , while -(으)려고 can be used with any verb: ✗ 공부하러 책을 샀어요 / ✓ 공부하려고 책을 샀어요 Use 오다 for movement toward the speaker’s location and 가다 for movement to another place

TOPIK 3-4

A/V-아야/어야 할 텐데(요)

I hope ..., but I’m worried

This pattern conveys hope that a future event will turn out as desired, mixed with worry that it may not. Speakers often end a sentence with -아야/어야 할 텐데요, voicing the concern almost as if talking to themselves. They may also continue after -아야/어야 할 텐데 to explain the situation they are worried about. When used about someone else, it conveys concern and encouragement for that person. This pattern is used in spoken Korean.

접속 conjugation

Stems whose final vowel is ㅏ or ㅗ + -아야 할 텐데
- 좋다좋아야 할 텐데
- 오다와야 할 텐데
Other stems + -어야 할 텐데
- 먹다먹어야 할 텐데
- 있다있어야 할 텐데
Words ending in 하다 → 해야 할 텐데
- 합격하다합격해야 할 텐데
- 조용하다조용해야 할 텐데

내일 날씨가 좋아야 할 텐데요.

I hope the weather is good tomorrow.

※-(으)면 좋겠다 expresses a wish alone, while -아야/어야 할 텐데 adds worry that it may not come true -아야/어야 하다 states something that must be done, while -아야/어야 할 텐데 is closer to expressing hope and concern than obligation

TOPIK 5-6

A-기 그지없다

extremely; beyond measure

Added to an adjective, -기 그지없다 means “extremely,” suggesting that the feeling or state has no limit. It commonly appears with adjectives expressing emotion, such as 기쁘다, 슬프다, 감사하다, 죄송하다, and 안타깝다. It is a literary expression found in formal speeches, greetings, letters, and news articles. In everyday conversation, it can sound exaggerated or playful.

접속 conjugation

Adjective stem + -기 그지없다
- 기쁘다기쁘기 그지없다
- 반갑다반갑기 그지없다
Formal form, adjective stem + -기 그지없습니다
- 감사하다감사하기 그지없습니다
- 죄송하다죄송하기 그지없습니다

먼 길을 와 주신 여러분께 감사하기 그지없습니다.

I am deeply grateful to all of you for coming such a long way.

※-기 그지없다 is similar in meaning to 아주 or 매우 + adjective, but is much more formal and expresses the feeling more strongly. It is used only with adjectives, not verbs: ✗ 기다리기 그지없다 / ✓ 지루하기 그지없다

일상 회화

TRAVEL

전주로 가는 다른 길　Another Way to Jeonju——Lina, a tourist traveling around Korea, is trying to buy a KTX ticket to Jeonju at the Seoul Station ticket counter, but the tickets are sold out. She asks the ticket agent about other trains and transfer options, then changes her plans.（리나＝Lina (a tourist traveling around Korea) ／ 직원＝Ticket agent (at Seoul Station)）

리나안녕하세요. 오늘 오후에 전주 가는 KTX 표 있어요?

Hello. Are there any KTX tickets to Jeonju this afternoon?

직원죄송합니다. 오후 표는 다 매진이고, 밤 8시 표만 남아 있습니다.

I'm sorry. All the afternoon tickets are sold out, and the only tickets left are for 8 p.m.

리나8시요? 너무 늦어요. 해 지기 전에 한옥마을에 도착해야 할 텐데요.

Eight o'clock? That's too late. I need to get to Hanok Village before sunset.

직원그러면 1시 반 KTX로 익산까지 가시고, 익산에서 전주행 무궁화호로 갈아타시는 방법이 있습니다.

In that case, you can take the 1:30 KTX to Iksan, then transfer there to a Mugunghwa train bound for Jeonju.

리나갈아타는 게 어렵지 않아요? 코트랑 옷이 많아서 가방이 좀 무겁거든요.

Is transferring difficult? My bag is a little heavy because I have a coat and a lot of clothes with me.

직원30분쯤 기다리시면 되고, 같은 승강장에서 갈아타시니까 어렵지 않습니다.

You'll have to wait about 30 minutes, but the transfer is on the same platform, so it shouldn't be difficult.

리나그럼 그렇게 할게요. 사실 한국에는 한복을 입어 보러 왔거든요. 해 지기 전에 꼭 사진을 찍고 싶어요.

Then I'll do that. I actually came to Korea to try wearing hanbok. I really want to take some pictures before sunset.

직원네, 표 두 장 드리겠습니다. 여기 안내문에도 '가을 한옥마을은 아름답기 그지없다'고 나와 있으니 즐거운 여행 되세요.

All right. I'll give you two tickets. This brochure also says, “Hanok Village is beautiful beyond words in the fall.” Have a wonderful trip.

문형 해설

V-(으)러 오다

A/V-아야/어야 할 텐데(요)

A-기 그지없다

일상 회화

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