차곡 문형첩
문형 해설
V-는 편이다
tend to
It describes a regular tendency, such as a habit or personality trait. It often appears with adverbs such as 자주, 많이, 일찍, and 잘. It sounds humbler and softer than making a definite statement with -다, so it is common when talking about yourself. Adjectives take -(으)ㄴ 편이다. For a tendency in the past, use -는 편이었다.
- Verb stem + -는 편이다
- 먹다먹는 편이에요
- 자다자는 편이에요
- ㄹ-final verb stem
- drop ㄹ + -는 편이다: 만들다만드는 편이에요
- 살다사는 편이에요
- Adjective stem + -(으)ㄴ 편이다
- 크다큰 편이에요
- 많다많은 편이에요
※With adjectives, use -(으)ㄴ rather than -는: ✗ 키가 크는 편이에요 ／ ✓ 키가 큰 편이에요 -는 경향이 있다 has a similar meaning but is more common in writing or analysis, while -는 편이다 sounds more natural in everyday conversation
V-(으)라고 하다
tell/ask someone to do
Use this when telling someone who ordered or asked whom to do what. Report a negative command with -지 말라고 하다 instead. When the original speaker asks someone to do something for them, use -아/어 달라고 하다. In speech, this is often shortened to -(으)래요; when reporting a superior’s words, use the honorific form -(으)라고 하셨어요.
- Verb stems ending in a vowel or ㄹ + -라고 하다
- 가다가라고 했어요
- 만들다만들라고 했어요
- Verb stems ending in a consonant other than ㄹ + -으라고 하다
- 읽다읽으라고 했어요
- 앉다앉으라고 했어요
- Negative commands
- verb stem + -지 말라고 하다: 늦다늦지 말라고 했어요
- 마시다마시지 말라고 했어요
※-다고 하다 reports a fact or thought, while -(으)라고 하다 reports a command or request When the original speaker asks for something to be done for them, use 달라고, not 주라고: ✗ 민수가 자기 책을 돌려주라고 했어요／✓ 민수가 자기 책을 돌려 달라고 했어요 (Minsu asked for his book to be returned to him)
N을/를 시작으로 N을/를 거쳐 N을/를 맡다[하다]
Start as N, progress through N, serve as N
When introducing someone, this pattern summarizes their first job, the positions they progressed through, and their current role in a single sentence. Multiple intermediate stages can be linked with 와/과 in the -을/를 거쳐 part. The -을/를 시작으로 part can also stand alone to identify the first in a series of events. It appears mainly in formal writing and speech, such as articles, profiles, self-introductions, and presentations.
- Initial stage: N ＋ 을/를 시작으로
- 인턴인턴을 시작으로
- 영업부영업부를 시작으로
- Intermediate stage: N ＋ 을/를 거쳐
- 기획팀기획팀을 거쳐
- 지사장지사장을 거쳐
- Final role: N ＋ 을/를 맡다[하다]
- 대표대표를 맡고 있다
- 감독감독을 맡았다
※N부터 N까지 gives only the range from beginning to end, while this pattern presents the intermediate stages and final role in sequence; N을/를 거쳐 refers to a stage or position someone passed through, while N을/를 통해 identifies a means or route
일상 회화
팀장이 된 지민 Jimin Becomes Team Leader——Jimin tells longtime friend Hyunwoo that Jimin will be taking over as team leader next month. Hyunwoo shares in the excitement and asks how it came about.（지민＝Jimin (an office worker who has been appointed team leader) ／ 현우＝Hyunwoo (Jimin's longtime friend)）
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