차곡 문형첩
문형 해설
N한테 [께]
to (someone)
Marks who an action is directed at, attaching to people and animals. 한테 is the spoken form; 에게 is used in writing and formal settings, and 께 is the honorific for someone senior. With 께 the verb rises to match — 주다 becomes 드리다.
- person or animal + 한테: 친구한테 물어봤어요
- honorific 께, with the verb raised too: 부장님께 보고드렸습니다
- not for inanimate things — use 에: 회사에 연락했습니다 (✗ 회사한테)
※한테 leans colloquial; business writing and reports take 에게 or 께. And "from someone" is 한테서 / 에게서: 친구한테서 들었어요.
누구나
anyone, everyone
누구 (who) plus 나, meaning everyone without exception. It usually stands as the subject on its own, with no subject particle. The same shape gives 언제나, 어디나 and 무엇이나.
- 누구 + 나, used directly as the subject: 누구나 실수할 수 있습니다
- often followed by what is possible or to be expected: 누구나 알 수 있는 방법이에요
- same shape: 언제나 (any time), 어디나 (anywhere), 무엇이나 (anything)
※누구나 means everyone, no exceptions; 아무나 means just anyone will do — a different tone: 이 일은 누구나 할 수 있어요 (anyone can do this) / 아무나 들어오면 안 돼요 (not just anyone may come in).
N(으)로 인해
due to, owing to
Names what caused a result. It belongs to news, reports and official notices. The cause is normally an event or a situation rather than something a person chose to do. Before a noun it becomes -로 인한.
- noun without a final consonant + 로 인해: 폭우로 인해 행사가 연기됐습니다
- noun with a final consonant + 으로 인해: 정전으로 인해 작업이 중단됐습니다
- before a noun, -로 인한: 지연으로 인한 손실
※This is formal written Korean; in speech 때문에 does the job. The cause is normally an event or condition, not a person's own action — "because I forgot" is 제가 잊어버려서, not 제가 잊어버린 것으로 인해.
비즈니스 회화
외주 비용 피드백과 개선안 Outsourcing costs: feedback and a fix——Team Leader Cho points out that last month's outsourcing costs ran over, partly through work that had to be redone. Seoyun accepts the scheduling mistake and proposes weekly progress reports and a look at automation.（조 팀장＝Team Leader Cho (manager) ／ 서윤＝Seoyun (team member)）