차곡 문형첩

No. 001 · 2026.08.30 Sun

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문형 해설

PATTERNS
TOPIK 1-2

V-거나

or

Joins two or more actions or states and marks a choice between them — English “or”. Both sides are live options; the speaker isn’t picking one.

접속 conjugation
  • verb/adjective stem + 거나 (the same with or without a final consonant)
    • 먹다먹거나 / 가다 → 가거나
  • past
    • V-았/었거나 — 밥을 먹었거나 굶었거나
  • not for nouns — use N(이)나
    • 커피나 차 (✓) / 커피거나 (✗)
주말에는 보통 집에서 쉬거나 친구를 만나요.
At weekends I usually rest at home or meet friends.
저녁에는 운동을 하거나 산책을 해요.
In the evening, I exercise or go for a walk.
주말에는 책을 읽거나 영화를 봐요.
On weekends, I read books or watch movies.

※-거나 offers a choice between options; -든지 stresses that it doesn’t matter which. For “both … and” — two things at once — use -고, not -거나.

TOPIK 3-4

V-(으)려다(가)

was going to … but

A contraction of -(으)려고 하다 and -다가. You had an intention, but before it happened it was interrupted, changed, or turned out otherwise. The point is that it never came off — a plan that fell through.

접속 conjugation
  • stem with a final consonant + -으려다(가)
    • 먹다먹으려다가
  • stem without one, or ending in ㄹ + -려다(가)
    • 가다가려다가 / 만들다 → 만들려다가
  • both clauses need the same subject; the second often uses 못하다, 말다 or 그냥… — something that didn’t happen
어제 일찍 자려다가 새벽 두 시에 잠들었어요.
I was going to go to bed early yesterday, but I didn’t fall asleep until two in the morning.
견적서를 어제 보내려다가 단가가 바뀌어서 오늘 다시 정리했습니다.
I meant to send the quote yesterday, but the unit price changed, so I’ve redone it today.
그냥 넘어가려다가 결국 말씀드렸습니다.
I was going to let it slide, but in the end I brought it up.

※Don’t confuse it with plain -다가. 밥을 먹다가 전화를 받았어요 means the meal was already underway; 밥을 먹으려다가 전화를 받았어요 means it hadn’t started.

TOPIK 5-6

N은/는 A/V-(으)ㅁ을 알려 주다

shows that, indicates that

A written form. The subject is usually not a person — data, a trend, a warning light — and the sentence states what it reveals. It belongs to reports, news and papers, and the tone is detached.

접속 conjugation
  • stem with a final consonant + -음
    • 있다있음 / 좋다 → 좋음
  • stem without one, or ending in ㄹ + -ㅁ
    • 크다큼 / 만들다 → 만듦
  • past -았/었음 and future -(으)ㄹ 것임 work too
    • 늘었음을 / 웃돌 것임을
이번 분기 잔고 추이는 회사의 재정 상태가 지난해보다 나아졌음을 알려 준다.
The balance trend this quarter shows that the company’s finances have improved on last year.
부채 비율이 업계 평균을 웃돈다는 사실은 자금 운용에 손실이 있었음을 알려 준다.
The fact that the debt ratio is above the industry average indicates losses in how funds were managed.
빨간 경고등은 시스템에 결함이 있음을 알려 준다.
A red warning light indicates a fault in the system.

※In speech you would say -는 것을 알려 주다, or just -대요. -(으)ㅁ is the formal written nominaliser. If you name who is being told, 알려 주다 takes N에게 — but this pattern usually leaves that out.

비즈니스 회화

BUSINESS

견적과 결제 조건 확인 Confirming the quote and payment terms——Park, a sales rep at the supplier, calls the client’s Team Leader Lee to explain a price rise and work out how it will be paid.(박 대리=Park (supplier) / 이 팀장=Team Leader Lee (client))

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박 대리팀장님, 안녕하세요. 어제 보내 드린 견적서 확인하셨을까 해서 연락드렸습니다.
Good morning. I’m calling about the quote I sent yesterday — I wanted to check you’d had a chance to look at it.
이 팀장네, 방금 봤습니다. 그런데 단가가 지난번보다 꽤 올랐더라고요.
Yes, I’ve just read it. The unit price has gone up quite a bit since last time, though.
박 대리원자재 값이 작년 평균을 웃돌아서 부득이하게 조정했습니다. 대신 일시불로 결제하시거나 삼 개월로 나누어 내실 수 있습니다.
Raw material costs are running above last year’s average, so we had to adjust. You can pay in full, or spread it over three months.
이 팀장이번 분기에는 자금 사정이 좋지 않습니다. 잔고를 확인해 보니 일시불은 어려울 것 같네요.
Cash is tight this quarter. Looking at our balance, paying in full would be difficult.
박 대리그러시면 분할 쪽을 권해 드립니다. 저희도 초기 부담을 줄이시라고 분할 결제를 장려하고 있습니다.
Then I’d suggest the instalments. We encourage instalment payments precisely to keep the upfront burden down.
이 팀장사실 어제 계약서에 서명하려다가 결제 조건 때문에 보류했습니다. 그 부분만 정리되면 진행하겠습니다.
I was actually going to sign the contract yesterday, but I held off over the payment terms. Settle that and we can go ahead.
박 대리감사합니다. 계약이 늦어지면 양쪽 다 손실이 생기니까요.
Thank you. A delayed contract costs us both.
이 팀장그리고 어제 받은 시장 자료는 하반기 수요가 예상을 웃돌 것임을 알려 주고 있습니다. 물량은 그대로 유지하겠습니다.
One more thing — the market data you sent yesterday shows demand in the second half running above forecast. We’ll keep the volume as it is.
박 대리알겠습니다. 수정된 계약서는 오늘 중으로 메일이나 팩스로 보내 드리겠습니다.
Understood. I’ll send the revised contract by email or fax today.

일상 회화

EVERYDAY

자취방 고르기 Finding a place to live——Minsu, moving into his own place next month, asks his more experienced senior Jiyoung what to look for. He speaks politely; she speaks casually.(민수=Minsu (junior) / 지영=Jiyoung (senior))

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민수선배, 잠깐 여쭤볼 게 있는데요. 다음 달에 자취방을 구하려고 하는데 뭘 먼저 봐야 할지 모르겠어요.
Could I ask you something? I’m looking for a place next month and I don’t know what to check first.
지영나도 처음엔 그랬어. 나야 이사만 다섯 번 했으니까 좀 알지.
I was the same at the start. Five moves in, I know a bit.
민수그래서 여쭤보는 거예요. 방을 고를 때 제일 중요한 게 뭐예요?
That’s why I’m asking. What matters most when you’re choosing a room?
지영난 첫 집에서 진짜 최악을 겪었거든. 한겨울에 수도관이 터져서 일주일을 찬물로 버텼어. 그래서 무조건 건물 상태부터 봐. 겉만 보고 계약하려다가 나중에 후회하는 사람이 많아.
My first place was genuinely awful. A pipe burst in midwinter and I went a week on cold water. So look at the state of the building before anything else. Plenty of people sign on how it looks and regret it later.
민수저는 교통이 편리한 곳이면 좀 좁아도 괜찮을 것 같은데요.
I thought somewhere with good transport would do, even if it’s a bit small.
지영편리한 것도 중요하지만, 집이 지저분하거나 햇빛이 안 들면 금방 지쳐. 나도 소음 때문에 새벽까지 잠들지 못한 적이 많았어.
Convenience matters, but if the place is grubby or gets no sun, it wears you down fast. I spent plenty of nights awake till dawn because of the noise.
민수그럼 평범한 원룸이라도 창밖이 푸른 곳이 낫다는 말씀이시죠?
So you’re saying an ordinary studio is fine, as long as there’s something green outside the window?
지영응. 그리고 창문에 물이 맺혀 있는 건 그 집에 곰팡이가 생기기 쉬움을 알려 주는 신호야. 그것도 꼭 확인해.
Right. And condensation on the windows tells you that flat is prone to mould. Check for that too.
민수감사합니다. 계약서도 꼼꼼히 보고, 이번엔 잘됐으면 좋겠어요.
Thank you. I’ll read the contract carefully, and hopefully it works out this time.
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