TOPIK 1-2

V-거나usage

or

Joins two or more actions or states and marks a choice between them — English “or”. Both sides are live options; the speaker isn’t picking one.

접속 conjugation

  • verb/adjective stem + 거나 (the same with or without a final consonant)
    • 먹다먹거나 / 가다 → 가거나
  • past
    • V-았/었거나 — 밥을 먹었거나 굶었거나
  • not for nouns — use N(이)나
    • 커피나 차 (✓) / 커피거나 (✗)

예문

EXAMPLES
주말에는 보통 집에서 쉬거나 친구를 만나요.
At weekends I usually rest at home or meet friends.from 2026.08.30 Sun the examples
저녁에는 운동을 하거나 산책을 해요.
In the evening, I exercise or go for a walk.from 2026.08.30 Sun the examples
주말에는 책을 읽거나 영화를 봐요.
On weekends, I read books or watch movies.from 2026.08.30 Sun the examples
원자재 값이 작년 평균을 웃돌아서 부득이하게 조정했습니다. 대신 일시불로 결제하시거나 삼 개월로 나누어 내실 수 있습니다.
Raw material costs are running above last year’s average, so we had to adjust. You can pay in full, or spread it over three months.from 2026.08.30 Sun the business dialogue
편리한 것도 중요하지만, 집이 지저분하거나 햇빛이 안 들면 금방 지쳐. 나도 소음 때문에 새벽까지 잠들지 못한 적이 많았어.
Convenience matters, but if the place is grubby or gets no sun, it wears you down fast. I spent plenty of nights awake till dawn because of the noise.from 2026.08.30 Sun the everyday dialogue

V-거나 vs. -든지、-고、N(이)나

※-거나 offers a choice between options; -든지 stresses that it doesn’t matter which. For “both … and” — two things at once — use -고, not -거나.

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