차곡 문형첩

No. 023 · 2026.09.21 Mon
ITOPIK 1-2
V-(으)세요
IITOPIK 3-4
A/V-거든(요)
IIITOPIK 5-6
A/V-다는 지적이 있다[많다]

문형 해설

PATTERNS
ITOPIK 1-2

V-(으)세요

Please do … (a polite request or instruction)

The everyday polite ending. Use it to ask or tell someone to do something when they are older than you or not a close friend. It doubles as the honorific present tense, so 「어디 가세요?」 means “where are you going?”, not a command.

접속 conjugation
  • No final consonant ＋ -세요: 가다 → 가세요, 보다 → 보세요
  • Final consonant ＋ -으세요: 읽다 → 읽으세요, 앉다 → 앉으세요
  • ㄹ drops before -세요: 만들다 → 만드세요, 열다 → 여세요
시간 되시면 이따가 전화 주세요.
Give me a call later if you have time.

※For “do it for me” use -아/어 주세요. 「문 좀 닫으세요」 tells someone to shut the door; 「문 좀 닫아 주세요」 adds “for me” and sounds softer. The negative is -지 마세요 (가지 마세요).

IITOPIK 3-4

A/V-거든(요)

Because … (giving a reason the listener doesn't know)

Goes at the end of a sentence to supply background the listener doesn't have. The feel is “you may not know this, but here's why”, so it carries both explanation and a touch of closeness. Spoken only — it never appears in a written report.

접속 conjugation
  • Present tense, regardless of the final consonant ＋ -거든요: 먹다 → 먹거든요, 바쁘다 → 바쁘거든요
  • Past goes after -았/었: 갔다 → 갔거든요
  • Nouns take (이)거든요: 학생이거든요, 친구거든요
오늘은 일찍 들어가야 해요. 내일 시험이 있거든요.
I have to go home early today — I have an exam tomorrow.

※-거든요 ends the sentence by itself. 「바쁘거든요 못 가요」 is wrong; say 「못 가요. 바쁘거든요.」 or switch to -아서/어서. There is also a conditional -거든 (하고 싶거든 해) that looks identical but is a different ending.

IIITOPIK 5-6

A/V-다는 지적이 있다[많다]

It has been pointed out that … (a criticism)

Quotes criticism or a problem someone has raised. 지적 itself carries the sense of picking out a fault, so what follows is usually something that should have been fixed and wasn't. Common in news, reports and discussion.

접속 conjugation
  • Verb, present ＋ -ㄴ/는다는: 줄어든다는 지적이 있다
  • Adjective, present ＋ -다는: 부족하다는 지적이 많다
  • Past ＋ -았/었다는: 놓쳤다는 지적이 있었다
  • Noun ＋ -(이)라는: 형식적이라는 지적이 많다
안내가 부족하다는 지적이 많아서 이번에 설명을 늘렸습니다.
Many people pointed out that the guidance was thin, so we expanded the explanation this time.

※지적 always implies criticism. For a neutral “some say” use -다는 의견이 있다; for praise, -다는 평가가 있다. Mixing the three throws the tone off completely.

일상 회화

EVERYDAY

한글날에 뭐 해요?　What are you doing on Hangul Day?——Two members of a university club are texting. The younger one asks what his senior is doing on Hangul Day, then brings up a criticism he has been seeing lately and a TV special airing that evening.（지호＝Ji-ho (the junior) ／ 소은＝So-eun (the senior)）

지호누나, 이번 한글날에 뭐 하세요?I
What are you doing this Hangul Day?
소은아직 안 정했어. 왜, 뭐 같이 갈 데라도 있어?
Haven't decided. Why, is there somewhere you want to go together?
지호광화문에서 한글을 기념하는 행사를 한대요. 저 그거 꼭 가 보고 싶거든요.II
Apparently there's an event at Gwanghwamun celebrating Hangul. I really want to go.
소은재밌겠다. 근데 그날 사람 엄청 많지 않아?
Sounds fun. But isn't it packed that day?
지호많긴 한데, 요즘은 그냥 쉬는 날이 돼 버렸다는 지적이 많더라고요. 그래서 더 가 보고 싶어요.III
It is, but lately a lot of people point out that it has just turned into a day off. That makes me want to go even more.
소은하긴, 우리 동네도 태극기 다는 집이 거의 없더라.
True — hardly anyone in my neighbourhood flies the flag any more either.
지호저녁에는 개그맨들이 출연하는 특집도 한대요. 누나도 시간 되면 같이 보세요.I
There's also a special with comedians on in the evening. Watch it with me if you're free.
소은좋아. 그럼 낮에 행사 잠깐 들렀다가 저녁에 보자.
Sure. Let's drop by the event in the afternoon and watch it in the evening.
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