TOPIK 3-4

A/V-기는커녕, N은/는커녕usage

far from; let alone

It conveys disappointment or surprise that not only did the expected thing not happen, but even something less demanding did not happen. The following clause usually combines -도, 조차, or 마저 with a negative expression. It can also describe an outcome completely opposite to what was expected, as in 칭찬은커녕 꾸중만 들었다, “Far from being praised, I only got scolded.”

접속 conjugation

  • Verb or adjective stem + -기는커녕
    • 쉬다쉬기는커녕
    • 싸다싸기는커녕
  • Noun ending in a consonant + -은커녕
    • 점심점심은커녕
    • 칭찬칭찬은커녕
  • Noun ending in a vowel + -는커녕
    • 커피커피는커녕
    • 휴가휴가는커녕

예문

EXAMPLES
주말에 쉬기는커녕 밥 먹을 시간도 없었어요.
Far from getting any rest over the weekend, I didn't even have time to eat.from 2026.10.09 Fri the examples
솔직히 실망이 컸어요. 일정을 앞당기기는커녕 수정하느라 출시가 일주일이나 늦어졌거든요.
To be honest, I was very disappointed. Far from moving the schedule up, the launch was delayed by a full week because we had to make corrections.from 2026.10.09 Fri the business dialogue
돈을 모으기는커녕 빚만 늘었어요.
Far from saving money, all I did was rack up more debt.from 2026.10.10 Sat the examples
이번 달에는 휴가는커녕 주말에도 일했어요.
Far from taking a vacation this month, I even worked on the weekends.from 2026.10.10 Sat the examples
손잡이에 굵은 빨간 끈을 묶어 놨어요. 솔직히 사과는커녕 기다리라는 말만 들을 줄 알았어요.
I tied a thick red ribbon around the handle. Honestly, I expected to be told to wait, without so much as an apology.from 2026.10.10 Sat from.旅遊對話
※-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 adds two points in the same direction, while -기는커녕 emphasizes that the first did not happen and that even something easier did not happen. Do not follow it with a positive statement that the expected result was achieved; instead, give an even worse or opposite result: ✗ 돈을 모으기는커녕 많이 모았어요/✓ 돈을 모으기는커녕 빚만 늘었어요

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